Vol. 55 No. 1 (2025): VOLUME 55, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2025

This issue presents 12 scientific articles. There are at least 12 contributing institutions, which include Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Persahabatan Hospital, Udayana University, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Brawijaya University, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Tadulako University, Undata General Hospital, Nusa Cendana University, W.Z. Johannes General Hospital, and Hermina Banyumanik Hospital. Geographically, the identifiable affiliations span at least 6 provinces in Indonesia: Jakarta (DKI Jakarta), Bali, East Java, Central Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, and Central Java, although the exact province of each institution should be verified from its official address. All identifiable author affiliations are based in Indonesia.